Basic Linux command-line and utilities for accessing it (ITI8510)
| Real-Time Operating Systems and Systems Programming |
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We use a separate server for our programming purposes, it's name is dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee and you can have its SSH login account by registering your user name with the lecturer. Since it's a Linux system and we use command-line you will need some experience with it.
Sisukord
SFTP access for dijkstra
Under some linuxes you can use the file explorer to navigate to location:
sftp://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/
Logging in
Your user name for dijkstra is name.family .
Server: dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee
Use 'ssh', Putty, SSH Secure Shell, or 'ssh' under Cygwin to log in. Basic ssh command for logging:
ssh username@dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee
Once logged in
You can type in commands and their arguments (separate them with spaces). Some of the more useful commands.
- mkdir dirname - make directory named 'dirname'
- ls - list files in directory
- cd dirname - change working directory to 'dirname'
- ./progname - run your program from the same directory
- mydir/progname - run your program from directory 'mydir'
Compiling
For compiling the program, you can use 'gcc' utility (-o hello sets the program output to be the file hello):
gcc hello.c -o hello
A shorter alternative would be to use 'make' utility;
make hello
For more difficult compilation (such as when joining different files) you might consider writing a 'makefile'
Editor
You can use editor on your own computer and upload the files with a program such as PSCP. That can get tedious and boring. It's more useful to learn a proper editor for command-line.
From the editors on dijkstra we strongly recommend 'vim', but 'nano' is also quite popular. For the reasons, consult the diagram below.
Hints for vim
Vi has modes: you start in command mode and insert text in insertion mode. That is due to the fact that you must be able to use an editor when you have only character keys available. This is confusing until you get used to it. It takes years to master, but once mastered it's effortles, fun and useful.
Remember: To get to the command mode from any other mode, press ESC
Some hints in commmand mode:
- To quit without saving, press :q!
- Save & quit, press ZZ (or :wq)
- To write (enter insertion mode), press i, then type.
Advanced hint:
- For syntax highlighting you can type
:syntax on
To save yourself from writing it every time, go to your home directory, create file '.vimrc' with the words 'syntax on' in it.
cd cat >> .vimrc syntax on
Then press CTRL+D (to send end-of-file)
